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Parts of speech are also known as types of words, and there are 8 of them. These are:
Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections.
Nouns can be defined as people, places, things, or ideas. They can be concrete (able to be sensed or measured) or abstract (conceptual). They are often preceded by an article (a, an, or the– articles are a type of adjective). Proper nouns are names and are capitalized.
Pronouns stand in for nouns we don’t wish to repeat over and over. The noun that the pronoun refers to is called the antecedent. A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number, gender, and case. Pronouns can also show possession.
Verbs can be defined as actions or states of being. They can be part of a verb phrase (multiple words expressing an action or state of being). They also have twelve tenses (different ways of expressing time), and four verb parts: present, present participle, past, and past participle.
Adjectives are modifiers (words that describe, or modify, other words) that describe nouns. Articles are also adjectives. A and an are indefinite articles, and the is a definite article. Adjectives describe a “what?”.
Adverbs are modifers that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Adverbs describe a “how?” or “in what manner?”.
Prepositions are location and time helper words, such as on, in, around, between, though, under, over, to, from, at, with, etc. A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and contains no verbs. Many idioms (expressions that cannot be literally translated and retain their meaning) contain prepositions.
Conjunctions are words that join together words, phrases, and clauses. They can be coordinating (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so; these words link items of equal weight or importance) or subordinating (these, like though, still, while, etc., link a dependent clause to an independent or main clause in a sentence).
Interjections are words set off by themselves with an exclamation mark. These constitute expressions of strong feeling in single word sentences, such as Oh! or Wow!
